Who鈥檇 have thought that building a simple rail line from Kent to London would involve so much work, undertaken by so many people, touching so much of the country and affecting so many water voles? Here鈥檚 a quick look at the big picture
The Channel Tunnel Rail Link is characterised by grand ambitions and even grander achievements. Since London & Continental Railways won the government鈥檚 commission to build the 109 km link in 1996, the team it assembled to deliver the project has worked wonders. By the time CTRL opens in 2007, they will have bored 18.5 km of tunnels underneath London, built 152 bridges and three viaducts, moved 12 listed buildings, planted 1.2 million plants and trees and created 255 ha of woodland. In all, 50 million man hours will have been devoted to it. Rob Holden, the executive chairman of LCR, has been involved in all this since the start, and he is a proud man. He鈥檚 proud of 鈥渢he sheer scale of it鈥, and the fact that after spending 拢5.2产苍 in seven years on the project, it is running on time and on budget.
His first task on joining LCR as finance director was to put together the link鈥檚 unique funding arrangement 鈥 a mix of government-guaranteed bonds, grants, bank debt and structured finance. The early days were not exactly plain-sailing, but they were characterised by the co-operation and teamwork that has made the project鈥檚 successes possible throughout its life.
鈥淚n the early part of 1998, we had to close down the project for a few weeks owing to the poor performance of the Eurostar business. We entered into discussions with John Prescott, then transport minister, and put together the deal we have today.鈥 The project was split into two phases 鈥 the first ran from the Channel Tunnel complex to Fawkham Junction in north Kent; the second from Southfleet Junction to St Pancras. In October 1998, Prescott鈥檚 silver spade sliced through the turf on the bank of the river Medway and the project was well and truly under way.
Holden鈥檚 pride is mixed with wonderment at the feats of engineering pulled off by Rail Link Engineering, the consortium made up of Arup, Bechtel, Halcrow and Systra that has designed and managed the project. He cites the restoration of William Barlow鈥檚 railway shed at St Pancras and the 1.2 km Medway Viaduct.
Section one was completed in July 2003, and a rail speed record was set for the UK as a Eurostar train reached 334.7 km/h. Holden remembers it well: 鈥淭hose on that train were privileged. The fact that we were setting a record so far in excess of the previous best was clearly a momentous event.鈥
He is also especially proud of CTRL鈥檚 environmental credentials. The need to mitigate the impact of construction on ecology, archaeology and heritage has been at the heart of the project, and about 85% of the route is in tunnel or in transport corridors.
鈥淲hat we鈥檝e had to do is mind-blowing 鈥 the relocation of an ancient wood for example 鈥 how do you do that? We鈥檝e rehabitated wildlife, moved houses on rollers and taken historic buildings apart brick by brick only to reassemble them in another location.鈥
CTRL has won environmental awards and its archaeological investigation of Kent is the largest of its kind ever undertaken in Britain.
CTRL will have a lasting influence on railway construction in the UK, Holden believes. 鈥淲e鈥檝e got a lot to do over the next couple of years, but then we鈥檇 like to put our skills and experiences to use on another rail project in the UK. Being able to have a role in something like Crossrail would be immensely satisfying 鈥︹
CTRL in numbers
Total construction cost 拢5.2产苍
Regeneration investment 拢9产苍
Jobs created during construction 8000
Estimated man hours 50 million
Longest single tunnel (Stratford to Dagenham) 10.5 km
Total number of bridges 152
Rail bridges 60
Road bridges 62
Foot bridges 30
For Section 1 of the project, the following have been developed or created:
255 ha of woodland, 30 km of hedgerow, 8 ponds for amphibians, 6 artificial badger setts, 78 new roosts for bats and a bat cave, 3 ha of reedbeds and more than 1 km of ditches specifically designed for water voles
Milestones along the CTRL
1996
Parliament authorises the project with the passing of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link Act. London & Continental Railways is selected by the government to build and operate the Channel Tunnel Rail Link and to own and operate the UK arm of the Eurostar international train service.
1998
LCR and the Department of Transport agree CTRL鈥檚 complex public鈥損rivate partnership agreement. In October transport minister John Prescott kicks off construction of section one of the track posing with a ceremonial silver spade on the bank of the river Medway.
2001
July 鈥 work begins on section two, from Southfleet Junction to St Pancras.
2003
The first Thames tunnel bore is completed on 4 March and construction of section one is finished in July, on time and to budget. On 16 September, prime minIster Tony Blair declares the 74 km stretch from the Channel Tunnel to Fawkham Junction in north Kent officially open. Commercial services start on 28 September, knocking 20 minutes off fastest journey times from Waterloo to the Continent.
2004
The boring of 18.5 km of London tunnels is completed.
2005
In February, an impressed International Olympic Committee is loaded into Land Rovers and taken on the route of the 鈥淥lympic Javelin鈥 from Stratford to King鈥檚 Cross.
2006
Work on section two of the track is to be completed. Stratford and Ebbsfleet International Stations are to be completed in spring, and in the summer, Midland Mainline trains will make a final move to permanent platforms in St Pancras Station.
2007
CTRL鈥檚 line and stations are to be completed and Britain鈥檚 first high-speed line will reach St Pancras, 鈥淓urope鈥檚 destination station鈥. London is now only an hour and 51 minutes from Brussels and 2 hours and 15 minutes from Paris. Beginning in 2009, high speed domestic services will reach Kent Thameside in 17 minutes.
Right down the line
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