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It has been designed as an idyllic mixed-use community to rejuvenate a 445 ha site 10 miles south-east of Glasgow. If things had gone according to plan, curtains would be hanging in the windows of the first phase homes and new residents would be spending their weekends in the soon-to-be completed retail hub, enjoying the sports and leisure facilities or strolling in the luxuriant parks that were to make up half the site.

But the regeneration of the former Ravenscraig steelworks has been delayed by two years by a legal challenge to the retail facilities that form such an essential component of the proposed sustainable community (see 鈥淭he life and times鈥�, below). Irrespective of the House of Lords鈥� verdict, due this autumn, on this aspect of the scheme, development of the site will begin in earnest next month with the appointment of a contractor for the first phase and the start of infrastructure works.

It will be a landmark date for regeneration. Ravenscraig is Scotland鈥檚 largest brownfield site and its size offers a rare opportunity to create a truly sustainable settlement. The stakes and expectations for the 拢1.2产苍 project being masterminded by a joint venture of landowner Corus, agency Scottish Enterprise Lanarkshire and developer Wilson Bowden couldn鈥檛 be higher. As David Hogg, director at Turner & Townsend, cost consultant on the project, says: 鈥淭he scale of the space and what was there beforehand mean the whole country is looking.鈥�

Housing represents a fifth of the whole site and the first phase of 800 homes 鈥� out of a total of 3500 homes 鈥� will be a test for the project team. It has to succeed to give the place the impetus it needs to attract retailers and businesses for ensuing development. Under the Ravenscraig joint venture agreement,

two-thirds of the 3500 homes are to be built over a 20-year period by David Wilson Homes, the housebuilding arm of Wilson Bowden. Jim Fitzsimmons, development director of Wilson Bowden in Scotland, sees Ravenscraig as the golden opportunity to re-balance the area鈥檚 social mix. He says: 鈥淭he pressure is on to create more private housing because it will hold families and young folks with a higher spend profile here who at the moment tend to drift away from the area.鈥� About 10% of the housing will be for the social sector.

David Wilson Homes has ambitious plans for the homes. The housebuilder has conducted a character assessment of the Scottish vernacular that it will reinterpret for the three to four-bedroom detached units that will spread across 30 ha of the site. Tim Peach, masterplanning director of David Wilson Homes, says: 鈥淲e鈥檙e going in two directions. We want both references to the past and to recognise that a fresh beginning is about to take place.鈥�

The housebuilder is aiming to achieve an EcoHomes rating of 鈥渧ery good鈥� and is looking at some of its English projects, such as Upton in Northampton, which achieved an 鈥渆xcellent鈥� rating, to aid product selection. The later phases of housebuilding will comprise higher-density accommodation 鈥� two to three-storey townhouses and more cutting-edge urban designs for apartments. More precise details have yet to be finalised for a scheme expected to include three housing market cycles during its 20-year creation.

With such a large number of homes to be built on an immense expanse of land, there is a danger of creating a soulless sprawling estate in which people might not find a sense of direction or identity. The project team aims to tackle this by introducing diversity of housing types and street layout and clearly designed public squares to help foster a sense of community.

Fitzsimmons is also considering hiring an artist in residence to create works of art to provide a sense of orientation. He says: 鈥淎n artist would look at the scheme as it goes up to make something relevant and integrated to Ravenscraig.鈥� He cringes at the idea of a steel structure on top of a hill as an evocation of the site鈥檚 former use, but understands it might just happen.

Just as the housing project aims to differentiate itself from the existing drab stock in the surrounding area, so the retail, leisure and business parts will be different from the surrounding development monoculture, exemplified in the nearby Glasgow Fort shopping centre and the Eurocentral business park. Ravenscraig will be a place where people live, work, shop and play. Besides housing, the 拢200m first phase includes facilities for Sports Scotland and Motherwell College.

Spanner in the works

Almost all the local people supported the scheme when it was launched nine years ago. Local authorities are all backing the joint venture and every single planning consent has been granted. The legal obstacle has been posed by developers Land Securities and Standard Life, anxious about the emergence of a competitor close to their own retail centres. Fitzsimmons says: 鈥淭he Land Securities thing is an annoyance. It will not stop Ravenscraig happening. It鈥檚 too important.鈥�

Until its closure, Ravenscraig was purely an industrial site, albeit an employer of more than 30,000 people. Transforming the site into a sustainable community has presented a planning conundrum. In Scotland, according to NPPG8 (the equivalent to PPG6) retail and leisure developments can only be built in existing town centres. This status was granted to Ravenscraig by the Scottish executive in November 2003 through an amendment to the Clyde Valley Structure Plan. The reasoning behind this decision was that as Ravenscraig is planned to be a mixed-use development, it needed a retail and leisure heart. Far from undermining neighbours Motherwell and Wishaw, it was hoped that it would help boost the whole Lanarkshire area.

Land Securities and Standard Life haven鈥檛 seen it that way. Ravenscraig鈥檚 town-centre status would entitle it to grow indefinitely in the future, and even at its planned size they considered it a threat to their shopping centres in East Kilbride and Hamilton. The battle has resulted in an appeal to the House of Lords.

Adrian Smith from consultant Muir Smith Evans, planning adviser on the scheme, says: 鈥淲e鈥檙e not doing this under a separate new town planning regulation but through the system as it is at the moment. We had no choice. Scotland doesn鈥檛 have the New Towns Act to use.鈥�

Ironically, the Ravenscraig partners have gone beyond Scottish norms to ensure that best practice is enshrined in the plans for their community. They worked with Muir Smith Evans and masterplan architect Llewelyn Davies to come up with early parameters for the site 鈥� housing density levels and development height levels are set down, for example.

Smith says: 鈥淭his makes it easier to discuss with councillors and planning to make sure that the area complies with the outlined plan.鈥� This will be a form of design code for developers working on the site, helping to maintain a consistent standard and approach throughout the settlement鈥檚 development.

Despite the legal challenge, Fitzsimmons remains contagiously enthusiastic about the project. As he looks at the site he dreams of the day when a 拢1m house will be sold there as testament to its commercial success. The day when the glossy brochure comes to life seems, finally, to be drawing near.