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Evidence about leading insulation manufacturer Kingspan dominated this week鈥檚 Grenfell Tower Inquiry hearings, painting a stark picture of a business intent on ensuring the use of its products faced as few barriers as possible despite the evidence of fire safety tests.

The inquiry鈥檚 current round of hearings is probing the products used for the flawed refurbishment of Grenfell Tower in west London, which caused the 2017 fire that claimed 72 lives.

Kingspan鈥檚 combustible Koolterm K15 phenolic insulation was never specified for use as part of the refurbishment 鈥� delivered by main contractor Rydon 鈥� but it was subsequently found to have been installed behind the new aluminium composite material (ACM) cladding on some parts of the block.

On Monday, Kingspan technical project manager Ivor Meredith told the inquiry that the firm had continued using a 2005 test report to support the use of its Kooltherm K15 product in even though the insulation鈥檚 composition had changed the following year. The situation went on for a further 15 years.

Meredith said it had been 鈥渃ommon knowledge鈥� within the business that the so-called 鈥渙ld technology鈥� K15 report produced by the 好色先生TV Research Establishment (BRE) had been used to support sales of the newer version of the product, dubbed 鈥渘ew technology鈥� K15.

Last month, Kingspan withdrew the BRE test reports for the product 鈥� used behind the ACM cladding on Grenfell Tower when specified insulation Celotex RS5000 was not available. It said the product used for the 2005 test was 鈥渘ot sufficiently representative of the product currently sold into the market place鈥�.

The inquiry heard that the 鈥渘ew technology鈥� K15 underwent its first major fire test in December 2007 and became a 鈥渞aging inferno鈥� within 17 minutes of the test starting.

Meredith鈥檚 report from the test said the insulation 鈥渨as burning on its own steam and the BRE had to extinguish the test early because it was endangering setting fire to the laboratory鈥�.

He said he was 鈥渟hocked鈥� by the result and added: 鈥淚 sent a very animated report around to my superiors to make sure they were aware.鈥�

Asked by inquiry barrister Kate Grange QC what their reaction had been, Meredith answered that he could not remember any real sort of shock.

鈥淚 don鈥檛 think they were concerned in the same way as me,鈥� he said.

The session also heard that in addition to relying on an out-of-date fire test report to support K15 for well over a decade, Kingspan was also forced to withdraw a marketing flyer that claimed the insulation had been 鈥渁pproved in accordance with BR135鈥�.

The BRE complained that it had not given K15 the BR135 approval, which is a criteria for assessing the fire performance of cladding systems.

On Tuesday the inquiry heard that Kingspan threatened the National House 好色先生TV Council (NHBC) with an injunction when the organisation discovered that K15 was not compliant with building regulations.

NHBC, which provides warranties on new homes and is the country鈥檚 largest building control body, warned Kingspan that it would have to start informing projects that had used K15 that it was not compliant.

But Kingspan鈥檚 lawyers responded to the warning with a February 2015 letter demanding a 鈥渟ensible period in which to demonstrate compliance鈥� against the threat of legal action under the Defamation Act 2013.

In an about-face, the NHBC published guidance in 2016 confirming that K15 could in fact be used on buildings above 18m. The insulation also received certification for use on high rise buildings by Local Authority 好色先生TV Control, which wrongly said that K15 held the status of limited combustibility needed for use on tall buildings. Celotex also benefitted from the NHBC鈥檚 guidance and LABC鈥檚 error.

The inquiry also heard how Meredith, who was responsible for proving Kingspan鈥檚 products were safe to use on tall buildings, had a serious drug problem.

Meredith was fired for gross misconduct in 2015 for falling asleep at his desk and driving a company car against management instructions.

On Wednesday, former Kingspan technical adviser Gareth Mills insisted the firm was 鈥渘ot dishonest鈥� in its use of test data for K15, but admitted that some of its marketing material could have been misleading.

Mills, who worked at Kingspan between 2003 and 2014, accepted the firm had been seeking to 鈥渕aximise what scope they could get on approvals鈥� for K15 鈥� but said he was not aware that the firm had been dishonest about the testing used to prove to clients that the insulation was safe.

The inquiry heard Mills had received an email from Kingspan technical manager Philip Heath in July 2008 on the topic of potential revisions to the draft of a British Board of Agr茅ment report on K15. Heath suggested that rewording the proposed text to include the words 鈥渘on combustible鈥� would give the firm leeway to 鈥渦se a little spin in future鈥�.

Barrister Grange asked Mills whether Kingspan had pursued a deliberate marketing strategy to widen the scope of the product certificates it obtained

Mills replied: 鈥淚 suppose they did want things to be as general as possible, yeah.鈥�

He subsequently admitted there was 鈥渁 possibility鈥� that the marketing material for K15 had been misleading after an intervention from inquiry chairman Sir Martin Moore-Bick.

Mills was asked about a certificate for K15 obtained from LABC which stated wrongly that the insulation was a 鈥渕aterial of limited combustibility鈥�.

Moore-Bick asked Mills: 鈥淒id you think it was misleading鈥� in the sense that it was liable to mislead someone who didn鈥檛 have the same degree of technical knowledge that you had?鈥� Mills replied: 鈥淚t鈥檚 a possibility, looking back, yeah.鈥�

On Thursday the inquiry heard the current module鈥檚 last witness from insulation manufacturer Celotex, Deborah Berger. Berger was the company鈥檚 product manager for RS5000 鈥� the main insulation used for Grenfell鈥檚 flawed cladding system 鈥� and worked for the firm between 2010 and 2014.

She was asked about Celotex鈥檚 attempts to cover up the fact that a BRE fire test of a cladding system featuring RS5000 had been conducted with additional fire-stopping measures not detailed in marketing literature. One such measure was the insertion of 6mm magnesium oxide panels between the insulation and the Marley Eternit rainscreen, which would make it harder for fire to spread.

She told the inquiry that she had been so shocked to discover that Celotex had rigged BRE test data for RS5000 that she wrote 鈥淲TF?鈥� 鈥� short for 鈥渨hat the fuck?鈥� 鈥� in the margin of the report where the magnesium oxide panels were mentioned.

Asked about her comments by inquiry lead counsel Richard Millett QC, Berger said they had been 鈥渟horthand for shock鈥�.

鈥淚 didn鈥� t think Celotex would鈥� would do this,鈥� Berger said. 鈥淚 thought Celotex was a good company. I thought Celotex prided itself on doing the right thing, being honest, and I was really shocked by this.鈥�

Millett asked Berger to clarify what it was she believed Celotex had done.

鈥淲ell, it appeared to me that Celotex had taken some materials and installed them to pass the test,鈥� she said.

The inquiry continues.