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Complex transitional arrangements set out this week in the government鈥檚 flagship planning reforms have been described as a 鈥渓awyers鈥� charter鈥� that could lead to a spike in planning appeals.

The publication of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) this week was welcomed by councils and lobbyists after significant amendments to the draft version, despite the fact it retained its controversial 鈥減resumption in favour of sustainable development鈥�.

But an annex to the NPPF, which set out its 鈥渋mplementation鈥� arrangements, also made clear that councils that have not updated their plans since the last revision of the planning system in 2004 would be subject to the presumption in favour immediately.

Conversely councils that have post-2004 plans have a year to update them before the NPPF comes into effect.

According to planning consultant Indigo Planning, only 38% of councils have post-2004 plans in place.

While the NPPF annex says plans under development could be given some weight, the chief executive of the Town and Country Planning Association, Kate Henderson, said the uncertainty would see an increase in planning appeals.

鈥淭here鈥檒l be applications on greenfield sites under this and it鈥檒l be for the government and the courts to decide,鈥� she said.

Simon Neate, chair of planning at Indigo Planning, said where a post-2004 plan was not in place, 鈥渢here had never been a better time鈥� for developers to put in speculative planning applications for sites not earmarked for development.

Robin Tetlow, director at Tetlow King Planning, said the document would ultimately 鈥渇eather the nest of lawyers鈥�.

Ian Tant, senior partner at planning consultant Barton Willmore, said: 鈥淭he language is so careful that most councils haven鈥檛 picked up on it. But the gist is pretty stark: If they鈥檝e got a pre-2004 plan then they鈥檙e exposed. The pro-development lobby have every reason to be as pleased as the Local Government Association.鈥�

Planning minister Bob Neill said councils with old plans were deliberately not given a transitional period as an incentive to update their plans.

He said: 鈥淚t鈥檚 something they need to address urgently. However, this won鈥檛 open the floodgates to green land applications, because it is the framework as a whole they are subject to - not just the presumption in favour.鈥�

Neill said while it was impossible to devise a planning system that 鈥渞emoved our legal friends鈥� he did not believe the NPPF created greater risk of legal appeal.

Read Simon Neate鈥檚 article on the NPPF