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You would think that a million square feet of shiny office development would stand out, even in central London. But locating Land Securities鈥� latest project is surprisingly difficult. If you approach it from the east, off Farringdon Street on the western edge of the City of London, you stumble onto it almost by chance. Only clean, shiny new facades indicate its presence.

A narrow passageway between two of these facades leads to a small, pleasant square, some trees and a water feature. It鈥檚 surrounded by five buildings of varying size, and when you look up you soon realise that the buildings are much higher than the size of the square would suggest. This is New Street Square, Land Securities鈥� latest foray into the brave new world of the sustainable office development. It is also Bennetts Associates鈥� biggest scheme to date.

The practice is known for its cutting-edge, low-environmental impact schemes, such as Wessex Water鈥檚 low-energy office and Brighton鈥檚 Jubilee Library. Now it has moved into the premier league of big-time, city-centre office development. The reason is that Land Securities wanted an exemplar for sustainable development, which doesn鈥檛 sound so special now, but certainly was back in 2002 when sustainability was a fringe interest of the dedicated few.

Its aim was to develop a scheme with a life of at least 60 years. To hit this target the offices needed to be genuinely sustainable from a social and economic perspective. In short, it had to be a place that companies would want to rent and where people would want to work 鈥� and it had to be affordable to run in 2068, which is quite a tall order. So how has Land Securities and its team got on?

The little square is a big part of the answer to how sustainable this development is. First, it鈥檚 an important, public social space. There are restaurants and cafes at ground level in the square, with the idea that workers have a social space in which to gather and the place doesn鈥檛 die after 6pm. Second, by surrounding the square with separate buildings it creates flexible space, which should prove more attractive to companies over the long term. The square also has a third function 鈥� it provides a link to the surrounding streets, which makes the development feel like part of the area rather than imposed on it.

Land Securities went to a lot of trouble and expense to create this particular example. It got planning permission to build one big RHWL-designed groundscraper on the site 鈥� and then ripped up the plans.

Instead, the developer invited several architects to come up with ideas and was most impressed by Bennetts Associates鈥� proposals. 鈥淓mploying [Bennetts鈥� director] Rab Bennetts was a big risk for us as he is a very small architect,鈥� says Gerry Manning, Land Securities鈥� project manager at the time. 鈥淏ut we liked his ideas 鈥� he was in tune with what we were trying to do.鈥�

The idea was to ditch the groundscraper in favour of five smaller buildings arranged around a square. 鈥淚t went from one big floorplate to five buildings,鈥� says project director David Laing. 鈥淚t was a brave thing for Land Securities to do as it must have spent a lot of money on planning permission.鈥� Laing is at pains to point out that this isn鈥檛 just any old square. 鈥淚t goes back to the idea of a medieval square,鈥� he explains. 鈥淲ith a medieval square you slip in from the side; you see a tree or something and are drawn in. That is how New Street Square started to evolve.鈥�

This idea provides a link with the conservation area to the north of the development, which features similar, intimate squares. The New Street Square and its surrounding buildings are arranged asymmetrically, with the four entrances into the square determined by the routes used by commuters from Chancery Lane to Fleet Street, and Farringdon Road to Grays Inn Road. Some of these entrances are just 6m wide, to reinforce the medieval concept. 鈥淧eople commented that the entrances were too narrow, but we said we wanted them like that,鈥� says Laing.

These narrow entrances are also part of the flexibility strategy. Smaller buildings may suit most people, but what happens if a tenant 鈥� say, a City trading firm 鈥� wants a very big floorplate? The first and second floors have deeper 3.2m floor-to-ceiling heights to accommodate dealing room services. The floor heights of each building also correspond exactly with its neighbours, which means floors can be extended over the passageway to form floorplates bigger than the individual buildings.

Externally the building scale and facade treatments are varied to help give variety and to mitigate the impression of a single mega-development. The buildings have been arranged to get as much light as possible into the square. 鈥淚t was very important, especially in the afternoon, even in winter,鈥� says Bennetts. So Land Securities鈥� management

office is just two storeys high to allow light from the south into the square. It is crisply finished in stainless steel and glass. On the west side, a 20-storey, glass-fronted building towers over its surroundings and the shade cast by this falls on the road behind. On the east side is a limestone-fronted, low-rise building with set-back glazing. Laing says this helps tie the development into its locality, as buildings to the east feature predominantly stone cladding. 鈥淲e made it the same height as an apartment block on the corner and the cladding language is the same 鈥� it plugs the development into the conservation area,鈥� he says.

The facade treatment also helps tick the box for environmental sustainability. The south-facing facades are clad entirely with brises-soleil to cut solar gain; those facing west get the same treatment, apart from where they are shaded by other buildings.

It doesn鈥檛 need any maintenance, has a theoretical 60-year
lifespan, is carbon-neutral and weathers to a silver patina, which is good for the look of the building

David Laing, Project Architect

On the east side the solar shading is limited to a glass frit and spandrel panels are used to create solid areas.

Behind the facades are fully air-conditioned office spaces. But isn鈥檛 Bennetts Associates famous for its naturally ventilated buildings? Well, yes, but the firm is pragmatic about the limits of natural ventilation and there is usually some form of mechanical backup in its buildings. Unlike its other naturally ventilated buildings, New Street Square is a much bigger, deep-plan building in a city centre. 鈥淚 am not sure naturally ventilated buildings are viable in the city centre, with traffic noise and pollution,鈥� says Laing.

Having said that, the air-conditioning strategy is radical for what is a spec office development and forms part of the futureproofing strategy.

Unusually, tenants have complete freedom to specify their own air-conditioning solution. They can either go for a conventional suspended ceiling with four pipe fan coils or radiant panels. Alternatively, they can opt for an exposed structure with either active or chilled beams. Laing says the concrete soffits are good quality, plus the suspended ceiling hangars have been designed to minimise damage if removed.

Despite this choice, all the tenants have opted for the most energy-intensive solution 鈥� four pipe fan coils.

鈥淚t鈥檚 still very much agent-driven; they are still actively encouraging the tenants to go for fan coils as it gives them the temperatures they are asking for,鈥� says Laing. 鈥淧ersonally, I think it鈥檚 over the top.鈥�

He adds that future tenants could take out the suspended ceilings and go for the more efficient chilled beams as attitudes change and IT equipment becomes more efficient and produces less heat. The buildings do make a nod towards natural ventilation as each cladding panel includes a mechanically operated, opening light at ceiling level. 鈥淲ithout a suspended ceiling you could open these at night and introduce night purging to cool the first few metres of slab inside the building,鈥� says Laing.

The environmental impact of materials has also been considered. Sustainability consultant Element 4 was engaged to examine this. For example, the environmental impact of the brises-soleil over a 60-year lifespan was carefully calculated. Aluminium and both coated and uncoated timber were compared. Uncoated western red cedar came out as the best solution.

鈥淚t doesn鈥檛 need any maintenance, has a theoretical 60-year life, is almost carbon-neutral and weathers to a silver patina, which is good for the look of the building,鈥� says Laing. He adds that Land Securities was initially sceptical but was convinced by this approach.

However, the pressures of a fast-track build programme has limited what could be done on the materials front. So does all this add up to a blueprint for 21st-century sustainable development? The answer is, it鈥檚 a decent stab at it; the buildings are well mannered, offer visual variety and fit well into their environment. The square is a great success and future flexibility has been considered carefully. These elements should make a big difference to how long the buildings remain appealing.

On the environmental front, old attitudes clearly die hard as the letting agents have successfully pressed for the most energy-hungry solution, and it may be many years before the buildings are genuinely low energy.

Some effort has gone into material selection, but this is still a high-embodied energy, concrete and glass development delivered with the programme as its top priority. So the signs are very encouraging, but we will have to wait 60 years to know for sure.