It was utter poppycock for the act to say that when buildings or building works do not "form part of the land" none of the payment or adjudication provisions apply. The reason is that the building industry, the user of the act, hasn't a clue what that phrase means. What's more, the courts have been wrestling with its meaning since 1837. When the phrase was the subject of a House of Lords case in 1997, it took umpteen judges to decide whether a timber-framed bungalow sitting on strip concrete foundations formed part of the land. Come on, please. If it still takes all that brainpower to fathom what the phrase means, why, oh why, can't we find a better set of words?
The shop fittings mentioned by Tim Elliott in Gibson Lea Retail Interiors vs Makro Self Service Wholesalers (12 October, page 54) were outside the whole adjudication business because islands and stands bolted to the concrete floor are not part of the land. Let's go further; if it is so difficult to understand what the phrase means, why have it at all? Let's chuck it out.
I will tell you a secret. The only reason the words are in the act is because of a mistake by Lord Lucas when the bill was on its way through the parliamentary thickets. He boobed when explaining the difference between goods merely supplied and those supplied and fixed. The contractors had told parliament not to extend the adjudication and payment rules to the supply-only side of building.
The troubled parts of the building business comprise quarrelling putter-uppers, quarrelling designers or quarrelling designers and builders. So, the contractors told parliament to help out by merely dealing with supply and fix, supply and install and supply and lay contracts. Lucas gave the impression that goods forming part of the land meant goods supplied and fixed. But there are loads of things supplied and fixed that do not become part and parcel of the property and therefore form part of the land. Curtain rails, mirrors, bookshelves or racks are hardly intended to be part of the structure, yet they are supplied and fixed. Carpet which is rolled out is not a fixture but carpet tiles in office blocks fixed with adhesive are likely to form part of the structure. What I think Lucas wanted was to bring into the Construction Act anything that required labour to install. It must be doubted that he wanted the confounded phase "to form part of the land".
When parliament comes to rewrite the Construction Act, its first priority is to write it in a language that six plasterers, not six lawyers, understand
And that's why I want six plasterers to become members of parliament. They will quickly remind legislators of the twofold purpose of the act: to resolve or manage disputes swiftly but provisionally and to regulate interim payments in that part of industry where the friction occurs. The overall idea was to promote better relationships. I am blowed if I can honestly say that those who supply and install shop fittings are any less prone to the friction that comes with refurbishing a shop or supermarket than those who lay the floors, fix the ceilings, install the lights or do the plastering. But those shop fittings are outside the act, even though they are
supplied and fixed, whereas the suspended
ceilings and partitions in shops are within. The
six plasterers would say that that is daft.
Postscript
Tony Bingham is a barrister and arbitrator specialising in construction. You can write to him at 3 Paper ºÃÉ«ÏÈÉúTVs, Temple, London EC4 7EY, or email him on info@tonybingham.co.uk.