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Income stream from different development types
Character zoneDensity (units/ha)Development typeTypical unit size (m²)Build formDevelopment type (storeys)Parking typeIncome-generating space (m²/ha)
Employment zoneHigh: 156Mixed use803-4Retail: ground Apartments: upperCourtyard surface/under podium12,480
CentreMedium: 105Limited mixed-use902-4Apartments/service houses some ground-floor retailCourtyard surface9,450
Neighbourhood generalMedium: 65Residential1002-4 Terrace houses, some apartmentsSurface/integral6,500
Neighbourhood generalMedium: 48Residential1202-3Detached and semi-residentialGarages, integral, curtilage5,760
Neighbourhood edgeMedium/low: 27Residential1402-3Detached and semi-detachedGarages, curtilage3,780
Neighbourhood edgeLow: 14Residential1602-3Detached Garage2,240
Typical costs for public space
Hardscape, including pavings, lights, seating, architectural features and drainage
New public square£300/³¾Â²
Extra for work of art£50,000-100,000
Extra for water feature£250,000 minimum
New streets/boulevards, pedestrian priority shared surfaces£200/³¾Â²
New pocket parks/London squares with residential development£175/³¾Â²
Secondary pedestrian/vehicle routes through mixed use spaces£150/³¾Â²
Remodelling existing street landscaping, creation of landscaped parking bays£100/³¾Â²
Soft placemaking, including all planting, grassland, safety lighting, architectural metalwork, drainage and paved areas
Parkland of sub-regional standard incorporating large ball game pitches£60-80/³¾Â²
Ornamental gardens including upstand walls£150/³¾Â²
LEAPS (local equipped areas for play) and NEAPS (neighbourhood equipped areas for play)£75,000-125,000
Wildflower meadows£20-30/³¾Â²
The mix of green spaces
Natural green areas including woodland/meadow46%
Formal grassland/parkscape27%
Grassland and flower meadows12%
Cycle trail link and landscaping5%
Hard-surface play space3%
Sports pitches4%
Wetlands3%
Impact of building tall
Build cost indicesNet to gross efficiency
Up to 6 storeys10082-85%
6-11 storeys11075-82%
11-17 storeys12570-75%
More than 17 storeys13065-70%
How EcoHomes 2005 affects building costs
Apartment cost indicesHouse cost indices
Pass100100
Good102101
Very good103102
Excellent105104
Costs for domestic-sized renewable energy systems
Wind turbine – roof mounted£6,000 each
Solar photovoltaics – bolt or modules (electricity)£1,000 each
Solar thermal (heating)£600/³¾Â²
Ground source heat pump£5,800/³¾Â²
Surfacing costs
Grassed areas (turfs)£8/³¾Â²
Low maintenance ground cover£30/³¾Â²
Ornamental planting£50/³¾Â²
Bonded gravel paving£30/³¾Â²
Tarmac paving£25/³¾Â²
Carbon saving versus cost
ºÃÉ«ÏÈÉúTV typePercentage of overall schemeMinimum renewable energy targetWeighted overall scheme carbon reductionExtra build costs to achieve renewable energy target Ìý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýMinimumMaximum
Apartments75%11%8.30%0.45%2.60%
Town houses10%18%1.80%3.65%3.65%
Offices6%12%0.70%1.70%1.90%
Retail, cafes and bars4%4%0.20%1.60%1.80%
School and community buildings5%30%1.50%0.70%2.80%
Totals/weighted average100%–12.50%0.90%2.65%