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An independent economic analysis commissioned by London mayor Sadiq Khan has said a 鈥榥o deal鈥� hard Brexit could lead to a loss of 43,000 construction jobs across the UK.

The study, , which was undertaken by Cambridge Econometrics, modelled five different scenarios regarding the UK鈥檚 future relationship with the EU and how they would impact both the London and UK economies, as well as the outcome for several key industries including construction.

In a worst-case scenario, the capital鈥檚 construction industry would lose 5,000 jobs should a 鈥榥o deal鈥� hard Brexit be the outcome of negotiations.

Statistics from the Greater London Authority included in the report revealed the skills shortage would likely worsen with almost 13% of construction workers across the UK born abroad, rising to 50% in London and the South East.

A quarter of those employed by the industry in London were born in the European Economic Area, which includes all 28 EU members as well as Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.

The report said: 鈥淚t is likely the skills shortage could get worse, if the new agreements don鈥檛 allow for free movement of people. This could result in even higher pressures on wages, as labour supply contracts, causing construction firms to face considerably higher project costs.

鈥淎dditionally, this could reduce firms鈥� capacity to deliver new houses to meet the government鈥檚 housing targets, and further deepen the housing crisis, especially in London. The labour market issues the construction sector faces are reflected as an expected fall in productivity in the macro modelling assumptions.鈥�

The analysis also revealed productivity in the industry, which is already underperforming, could fall by between 0.07% and 0.21% depending on the Brexit scenario.

Industry鈥檚 ability to bankroll and complete major infrastructure projects post-Brexit was also drawn into question.

The report said: 鈥淎t the moment, the UK construction sector benefits from having access to the European Investment Bank and the European Investment Fund, which have invested 拢6.2bn in major infrastructure projects, and lent almost 拢590m to SMEs in 2015. A loss of these financial aids could significantly impact the ability of firms to deliver big infrastructure projects such as High-Speed 2 and reduce development opportunities for start-ups.

鈥淎dditionally, foreign investment could dampen due to uncertainty over the UK economy following Brexit, and as investors delay making decisions on the future of projects. This loss of potential future investment has been reflected as a fall of up to 拢754m in investment in the sector by 2030, depending on the scenario and the severity of Brexit.鈥�

With the future trade relationship between the UK and EU due to be agreed on by October, Khan warned time was running out to strike a deal which will protect the industry.

He said: 鈥淭his new analysis shows why the government should now change its approach and negotiate a deal that enables us to remain in both the Single Market and the Customs Union.鈥�

鈥淚t鈥檚 astonishing that the government has failed to do any proper impact assessments on what Brexit could mean for our economy. Their complete lack of preparation is irresponsible leading to fears that they are putting party politics ahead of the national interest.鈥�

Arcadis market intelligence lead Will Waller said the report added another voice to the industry鈥檚 concerns about the impacts on investment levels and labour supply.

He said: 鈥淥ne thing the report doesn鈥檛 mention is more practical implications of some of the scenarios. The industry needs to be contingency planning now for disruption at borders for example, which would have a knock-on effect to the supply and delivery of vital materials, which without adequate planning, could cause delays on site.鈥�

Khan commissioned the report in mid-December after criticizing prime minister Theresa May and David Davis, the Brexit secretary, for their 鈥渃haotic鈥� approach to Brexit, which he warned was 鈥減utting jobs and growth at risk鈥� in the capital.